Field notes
The tools answer “convert this for me”. These answer “why did the obvious reading of the manual give me the wrong number”. Each note is tied to a specific document — publication number, revision, and the table the figures were read out of.
Your NTC's B value is exact at two temperatures and nowhere else
B25/85 is a line drawn through two points on a curve. Measured against a published R/T table, a Beta-only conversion reads 3 °C high at −40 °C and 2.8 °C high at 150 °C — and exactly right at 25 and 85.
Source: Vishay BCcomponents NTCLE100E3 datasheet, document 29049, revision 07-May-2025
A type B thermocouple barely cares what your cold junction is doing
Its curve doubles back near room temperature, so below 250 °C no inverse exists at all — and the same property makes a 40 °C swing in the cold junction move a 1018 °C reading by 0.05 °C.
Source: NIST ITS-90 reference functions (SRD 60), cross-checked against Monograph 175
In integer mode, 32767 on a 1756-IF8 is not 20 mA
The ControlLogix analog input's integer counts sit on the extended signal endpoints, so the obvious 0–20 mA to 0–32767 scaling is wrong at both ends.
Source: Rockwell Automation publication 1756-UM009G-EN-P, March 2025
The XBF-AD04A manual prints two different full-scale values
A footnote says the unsigned digital output reaches 16000. The specification table on the same page says 4000. Three things in the manual settle which one is right.
Source: LS ELECTRIC XGB Analog Module User Manual V2.4, June 2024
The same ARINC 429 word is label 205 and label 241
Published sources number the label bits in opposite directions, so one word decodes to two different labels. Neither convention is a mistake, and no amount of reading resolves it.
Source: AIM, GE/Ballard, Holt, MaxT and Wikipedia — compared